This notice of funding opportunity (NOFO) invites innovative studies that will explore how structural, community, and interpersonal mechanisms operate over the life course among middle aged and older adults to shape health outcomes of Latino/a, Black, Asian, and other first generation immigrant groups in the United States (US) and result in health disparities among these populations. This NOFO also invites innovative studies that will explore data needs and methods when studying the effect of immigration on life course health and Alzheimers disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD). High-risk/high-payoff projects that lack preliminary data may be more appropriate for the companion NOFO, RFA-AG-24-029, which invites Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant (R21) applications.